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MethodsBodystorming
ParticipatoryGenerate IdeasQualitative ResearchIntermediate

Bodystorming

Generate design insights by physically acting out user scenarios to discover ergonomic, spatial, and interaction issues.

Bodystorming is a physical ideation technique where teams act out user scenarios in real or simulated environments to uncover design insights.

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DurationApproximately 60-120 minutes.
MaterialsPhysical props and prototype materials.
InvolvementDirect User Involvement

Bodystorming is a physical ideation technique where team members act out user scenarios in real or simulated environments rather than discussing ideas around a table. By moving through spaces, handling props, and role-playing interactions, participants discover ergonomic constraints, workflow problems, and interaction nuances that sketches and wireframes cannot reveal. UX designers, service designers, and product teams use Bodystorming when designing spatial interactions, physical products, retail environments, kiosk interfaces, or any experience where body movement and environmental context significantly shape the user experience. The method builds deep empathy because participants literally step into the user's physical situation, experiencing frustrations and opportunities firsthand. It is especially powerful for breaking creative blocks, as physical engagement activates different thinking modes than verbal discussion alone. A typical session involves setting up a simulated environment, assigning roles, running through scenarios, and immediately debriefing while physical observations are fresh. Bodystorming produces insights that feed directly into prototyping and service blueprinting, making it a valuable bridge between research and design.

WHEN TO USE
  • When designing physical spaces, service touchpoints, or products where body movement and spatial context are critical.
  • When verbal brainstorming has stalled and the team needs a different mode of thinking to generate fresh ideas.
  • When you need to build deep empathy for the user's physical experience that cannot be achieved through interviews alone.
  • When evaluating a service flow end-to-end to identify awkward transitions or missing touchpoints before implementation.
  • When the design involves multiple people interacting in a shared physical space and coordination matters.
WHEN NOT TO USE
  • ×When the design challenge is purely digital with no significant spatial or physical interaction component.
  • ×When participants have physical limitations that would prevent comfortable engagement with the method.
  • ×When the team is too small (fewer than four people) to meaningfully simulate multi-actor scenarios.
  • ×When time constraints prevent setting up a simulated environment and conducting proper warm-up activities.
  • ×When the problem requires quantitative data or statistical validation rather than qualitative ideation.
HOW TO RUN

Step-by-Step Process

01

Define the Problem or Scenario

Identify the problem, situation, or experience you want to explore using bodystorming. Clearly define the goals that you aim to achieve through the exploration process.

02

Assemble the Team

Gather a multidisciplinary team with diverse perspectives to participate in the bodystorming session. This team should ideally include representatives from design, development, and the actual end-users.

03

Set Up the Environment

Create a life-like or simulated environment that mimics the context in which the users will interact with the product or service. Effort should be taken to make it as realistic as possible, to promote empathy and understanding of the user experience.

04

Develop Roles and Scenarios

Define the roles and scenarios that the team will enact during the bodystorming session. Allocate roles for each participant, including possible facilitators or observers. Create a narrative that explains the context, actions, and goals for the users in the given scenario.

05

Warm-Up and Rehearsal

Before beginning the actual bodystorming session, conduct a brief warm-up exercise with the participants to familiarize them with the roles, environment, and guidelines. Ensure everyone feels comfortable and is prepared for the session.

06

Bodystorming Session

Conduct the bodystorming session by enacting the roles and scenarios defined earlier. Encourage participants to think and act as real users, verbalizing their thoughts and emotions while experiencing the interaction with the product or service.

07

Capture Insights and Feedback

Throughout the session, the facilitator or observers should document key observations, insights, and feedback generated during the bodystorming process. This information is crucial to improve the design based on user's real-life experiences.

08

Debrief and Reflect

After the session, conduct a group discussion and reflection on the insights gathered. Encourage participants to share their thoughts, emotions, and ideas openly. Identify areas of improvement, potential solutions, and novel ideas for enhancing the user experience.

09

Iterate and Evaluate

Incorporate the feedback and insights from the bodystorming session into the design process. Revisit the scenarios, create new iterations of the design, and evaluate the improvements by conducting additional bodystorming sessions as needed.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

What to Expect

After a Bodystorming session, the team will have a rich set of insights about physical interactions, spatial constraints, and service flow problems that would be invisible in traditional brainstorming. The outputs include documented observations about ergonomic issues, workflow bottlenecks, missing touchpoints, and unexpected user behaviors. These insights translate directly into design recommendations for spatial layouts, service blueprints, and physical or digital prototypes. Teams typically leave the session with increased empathy for the user's physical experience and a shared understanding of design challenges that accelerates subsequent decision-making.

PRO TIPS

Expert Advice

Use warm-up activities like improv games to help participants feel comfortable with physical expression before diving into scenarios.

Create environmental props even if simple (cardboard, foam, tape) to make the simulation tangible and trigger realistic responses.

Consider using speech bubble props so participants can distinguish between their character's spoken words and internal thoughts.

Assign dedicated observers to capture insights that participants may miss while physically engaged in the scenario.

Iterate quickly through multiple scenarios rather than perfecting a single one to explore a wider solution space.

Debrief immediately after each round while physical sensations and spatial insights are fresh in participants' minds.

Respect physical boundaries and ensure all participants feel comfortable with the level of physical engagement expected.

Video record sessions from multiple angles to capture spatial details that notes alone cannot preserve.

COMMON MISTAKES

Pitfalls to Avoid

Skipping the Warm-Up

Jumping directly into scenarios without warm-up activities makes participants self-conscious and stiff. Spend 10-15 minutes on improv or movement exercises to lower inhibitions and establish a playful mindset.

Over-Planning Scenarios

Scripting every detail removes the spontaneity that makes bodystorming valuable. Provide a scenario framework and goals, but allow participants to improvise and discover unexpected interactions naturally.

No Dedicated Observers

When everyone is acting, no one is documenting. Always assign at least one person to observe, take notes, and capture video so that insights are not lost in the energy of the moment.

Single Scenario Only

Running just one scenario limits the range of insights. Plan three to five short scenarios rather than one long one to explore different user types, edge cases, and alternative flows.

Delayed Debriefing

Physical and spatial observations fade quickly from memory. Debrief immediately after each scenario while embodied insights are still vivid, rather than waiting until the end of the entire session.

DELIVERABLES

What You'll Produce

Bodystorming Scenario Outline

Document describing scenarios, context, tasks, and goals for the session.

Participant Roles and Responsibilities

List of participants with assigned roles and clear responsibility definitions.

Bodystorming Session Agenda

Detailed schedule with timeline, activities, and time allocation for each phase.

Physical Space Requirements

List of required props, furniture, and environment-specific elements needed.

Bodystorming Session Recordings

Audio and video recordings of the session for later review and analysis.

Participant Feedback Forms

Questionnaires capturing experiences, opinions, and insights from participants.

Insight Documentation

Compiled key observations, ideas, and design opportunities from the session.

Bodystorming Session Report

Summary report with objectives, process, findings, and recommended next steps.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

METHOD DETAILS
Goal
Generate Ideas
Sub-category
Co-design sessions
Tags
bodystormingphysical ideationrole-playingprototypingscenariosembodied designservice designspatial interactionexperience prototypingdesign thinkingempathy building
Related Topics
Design ThinkingService DesignExperience PrototypingParticipatory DesignEmpathy BuildingImprovisation in Design
HISTORY

Bodystorming emerged from the intersection of improvisational theater and design practice in the 1990s. Colin Burns and colleagues at the Interaction Design group at the Royal College of Art in London are often credited with formalizing the approach, publishing influential work on informance design in 1994. The method drew from theatrical improvisation techniques and Augusto Boal's Theatre of the Oppressed, which used physical enactment to explore social problems. IDEO adopted and popularized bodystorming as part of their human-centered design toolkit in the late 1990s and early 2000s, demonstrating its value in product and service innovation. The Stanford d.school further spread the technique through its design thinking curriculum. Today, bodystorming is used by service designers, UX practitioners, and innovation teams worldwide, particularly when designing experiences that involve physical spaces, multi-person interactions, or complex service touchpoints.

SUITABLE FOR
  • Designing physical products, spaces, and multi-touchpoint service experiences
  • Generating diverse ideas through embodied exploration when verbal brainstorming stalls
  • Simulating user behavior in physical environments to identify workflow problems early
  • Building deep empathy by literally walking through the user's experience step by step
  • Testing service flows and identifying awkward or inefficient interactions before implementation
  • Breaking through creative blocks when sitting-and-talking ideation has stopped producing new ideas
  • Exploring ergonomic and spatial design considerations that sketches and wireframes cannot reveal
  • Prototyping retail, hospitality, or healthcare experiences where body movement and context matter
RESOURCES
  • Body Storming in User ResearchBodystorming is a way of subjecting a researcher's own body to physically experience a situation in order to ideate. Know more about the method and its details.
  • UXD Method 11 of 100: BodystormingThis is the 11th in a series of 100 short articles about UX design and evaluation methods. Today's method is called bodystorming. Bodystorming is an immersive ideation method for exploring ideas through role playing and physical interaction with props, prototypes, actual products, and physical spaces. The overall goal of bodystorming is to understand the relationships between people, their physical location, and the things (e.g., tools, devices, materials) they use in that environment.
  • BodystormingDiscover UX methods for your next design sprint, agile software development process or digital product life cycle.
  • What Is Bodystorming? Bodystorming In A NutshellBodystorming is a form of brainstorming where participants use their bodies to gain new insights and experiences. Bodystorming is an immersive ideation process where creativity is facilitated through role-playing and physical interaction using props, products, prototypes, and physical spaces.
  • Bodystorming: Think with your BodyEveryone can run a bodystorming session. By running it, you will get a result. But have you really explored the power of bodystorming from breadth and depth? In this article, I share my tips from my…
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