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MethodsBrainstorming
ParticipatoryGenerate IdeasQualitative ResearchBeginner

Brainstorming

Generate a large volume of diverse ideas quickly by encouraging free thinking and building on each other's concepts.

Brainstorming is a collaborative ideation method where teams rapidly generate a high volume of ideas without judgment to unlock creative solutions.

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Duration30-60 minutes.
MaterialsWriting utensils, flip charts, post-it notes.
People3 or more (ideally a mix of stakeholders, designers, and users).
InvolvementDirect User Involvement

Brainstorming is one of the most widely used ideation techniques in UX design and product development. In a brainstorming session, a group of participants collaboratively generates a large number of ideas in response to a clearly defined problem statement, with all judgment and criticism deliberately suspended. The method was formalized by advertising executive Alex Osborn in the 1940s and has since become a foundational practice in design thinking, innovation workshops, and creative problem-solving across industries. UX researchers, product managers, designers, and cross-functional teams use brainstorming in the early stages of projects when the goal is to explore the broadest possible solution space before converging on specific directions. The method works best when participants come from diverse backgrounds and bring different perspectives to the problem. Effective facilitation is critical: the facilitator enforces ground rules such as deferring judgment, encouraging wild ideas, building on others' contributions, and prioritizing quantity over quality. When these principles are followed, brainstorming consistently produces more ideas per session than individual thinking, and the cross-pollination of perspectives leads to solutions that no single participant would have reached alone.

WHEN TO USE
  • At the start of a design project when the team needs to explore a wide range of possible solutions before narrowing down.
  • When a cross-functional group needs to align on possibilities and build shared ownership of the direction forward.
  • When obvious solutions have already been tried and the team needs to push into more creative and unconventional territory.
  • During design sprints or workshops when rapid idea generation is needed within a tight time constraint.
  • When team morale or energy is low and a collaborative, judgment-free session can re-engage participants.
WHEN NOT TO USE
  • ×When the problem is already well-defined and the team needs to evaluate or refine existing solutions rather than generate new ones.
  • ×When the group has strong power dynamics that will prevent junior members from contributing openly despite ground rules.
  • ×When detailed analytical thinking or data-driven decision-making is required rather than creative exploration.
  • ×When the topic is highly sensitive and requires private reflection rather than public group discussion.
HOW TO RUN

Step-by-Step Process

01

Define the problem

Identify the issue you want to address or the topic you want to explore. Set clear objectives and goals for the brainstorming session. This step helps to create a proper context and scope for the brainstorming activities.

02

Select participants

Gather a diverse group of people, ideally between 5-12 participants. A mix of roles, experiences, and perspectives can contribute to a productive brainstorming session. Ensure everyone involved understands the brainstorming process and feels comfortable speaking up.

03

Prepare materials

Gather all necessary materials for the brainstorming session, such as whiteboards, markers, post-it notes, and any relevant resources or research. Create an open, comfortable environment that encourages interaction and collaboration.

04

Establish ground rules

Set the rules for the brainstorming session to create an open and respectful atmosphere. Encourage open-mindedness, discourage criticism or judgment of ideas, and emphasize quantity over quality of ideas. Encourage participants to build on and combine ideas.

05

Begin brainstorming

Begin the brainstorming session by presenting a clear problem statement or question. Encourage all participants to share their ideas, no matter how unorthodox they may seem. As ideas are shared, write them on a whiteboard or post-it notes, so everyone can see them.

06

Encourage active participation

As the facilitator, ensure that all participants are actively engaged in the process and feel comfortable sharing their ideas. Keep the discussion focused on the objective and encourage participants to think outside the box.

07

Time management

Keep track of the time during the brainstorming session, and set a specific time-frame for the activity (e.g., 30-45 minutes). This helps to maintain focus and energy levels among the participants.

08

Review and evaluate ideas

At the end of the brainstorming session, review all the ideas generated. Narrow down the ideas to the most promising ones, then further evaluate and discuss their feasibility, relevance, and potential impact.

09

Determine next steps

Create an action plan, outlining the next steps to be taken based on the selected ideas. Identify tasks, responsibilities, and timelines for further development or implementation of the chosen ideas.

10

Follow-up

Ensure there is appropriate follow-up after the brainstorming session. Regularly evaluate progress and make adjustments as necessary, based on the chosen ideas and their advancement. Share any updates and outcomes with the participants and stakeholders.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

What to Expect

After a successful brainstorming session, the team will have generated a large collection of diverse ideas, typically ranging from 30 to 100+ depending on group size and session length. These ideas will span from practical improvements to wild concepts, providing a rich pool for subsequent evaluation. The team will have categorized and prioritized the most promising ideas, with clear action items and owners assigned for further exploration. Beyond the tangible outputs, participants will leave with increased energy, shared understanding of the problem space, and a sense of collective ownership over the direction forward.

PRO TIPS

Expert Advice

Start with individual idea generation (silent writing) before group sharing to prevent anchoring on the first ideas spoken aloud.

Set a quantity target such as 50 ideas in 15 minutes to push the group past obvious solutions into truly creative territory.

Use 'Yes, and...' language instead of 'but' to keep energy positive and encourage building on each other's ideas.

Foster a supportive environment where wild ideas are celebrated because they often lead to practical innovations when refined.

Prevent digressions by regularly reiterating the problem statement and keeping a visible timer to maintain focus.

Experiment with variations like 6-3-5 brainwriting, reverse brainstorming, or worst-possible-idea to energize the group.

Photograph and digitize all post-it notes and whiteboard content immediately after the session before ideas are lost.

Separate divergent ideation from convergent evaluation by scheduling them as distinct phases, not mixing them together.

COMMON MISTAKES

Pitfalls to Avoid

Judging Ideas Too Early

Criticizing or evaluating ideas during the divergent phase kills creativity and makes participants self-censor. Strictly separate idea generation from idea evaluation into distinct phases.

Letting Loud Voices Dominate

Without facilitation, extroverted or senior participants dominate the conversation. Use techniques like round-robin, silent writing, or sticky notes to ensure every voice is heard equally.

Vague Problem Statements

Starting with a problem statement that is too broad or unclear leads to unfocused ideas. Craft a specific, actionable How Might We question to give the session clear direction.

No Follow-Through

Generating ideas without a clear plan for what happens next wastes the team's creative energy. Always end with prioritization, assigned owners, and concrete next steps for the top ideas.

Homogeneous Participants

A group of people with identical backgrounds produces predictable ideas. Deliberately invite participants from different roles, departments, and experience levels to maximize creative cross-pollination.

DELIVERABLES

What You'll Produce

Idea Collection

Complete list of all ideas generated during the session, unfiltered and unedited.

Categorized Ideas

Ideas grouped into themes or categories based on similarities and relationships.

Prioritized Ideas

Ranked list of ideas sorted by potential impact, feasibility, and relevance.

Action Items

Specific tasks with owners and deadlines to explore or implement top ideas.

Sketches and Wireframes

Rough visual representations of promising ideas for further team exploration.

Meeting Notes

Summary of key discussions, decisions, and insights from the session.

Session Recording

Audio or video recording for participants to revisit ideas and discussions.

Assessment Criteria

Documented evaluation criteria used for prioritizing and selecting ideas.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

METHOD DETAILS
Goal
Generate Ideas
Sub-category
Co-design sessions
Tags
brainstormingidea generationideationcreativitydivergent thinkingproblem-solvingcollaborative designdesign thinkingworkshop facilitationinnovation
Related Topics
Design ThinkingDivergent ThinkingCreative Problem-SolvingIdeation TechniquesWorkshop FacilitationInnovation Management
HISTORY

Brainstorming was formalized by Alex Osborn, an advertising executive at BBDO, in his 1953 book "Applied Imagination." Osborn developed the technique after observing that traditional business meetings suppressed creative thinking through premature criticism. He established four core rules: focus on quantity, withhold criticism, welcome wild ideas, and combine and improve ideas. The method quickly became a staple of the advertising and creative industries. Academic research in the following decades produced mixed results about group brainstorming versus individual ideation, leading to refinements like brainwriting and electronic brainstorming that address the productivity loss caused by turn-taking and social inhibition. Despite academic debates, brainstorming remains the most widely recognized ideation technique globally. Its adoption into design thinking methodology by IDEO and the Stanford d.school in the 2000s cemented its role in modern product and UX design practice.

SUITABLE FOR
  • Generating a large quantity of diverse ideas in the early stages of a design project
  • Exploring unconventional solutions when obvious approaches have been tried and failed
  • Building team energy and engagement around a shared design challenge or problem statement
  • Breaking through creative blocks by combining perspectives from different disciplines and roles
  • Divergent thinking sessions before narrowing down to specific solutions for prototyping
  • Feature ideation when expanding product roadmap possibilities beyond incremental improvements
  • Problem reframing when teams are stuck on surface-level solutions and need fresh perspectives
  • Cross-functional workshops where diverse expertise can spark unexpected idea combinations
RESOURCES
  • 5 Key Brainstorming Techniques UX Designers Need to KnowUser Experience (UX) designers are in huge demand right now as businesses seek to streamline their online presences and attract maximum conversions. You'll need to learn these key techniques which help today's leading designers brainstorm innovative new ways to make web sites work smoothly.
  • 8 UX ideation techniques to try outLearn how to prepare and run successful ideation sessions that generate top results with these eight UX ideation techniques
  • What is Brainstorming?What is Brainstorming? Brainstorming is a method design teams use to generate ideas to solve clearly defined design problems. In controlled conditions and a free-thinking environment,...
  • UI/UX Design: 3 Steps to Effective Project BrainstormingHow you can take any concept your team has, brainstorm it, and garner key, actionable information in three easy steps. Somewhere on your UI/UX journey, you will more than likely run into a situation…
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